Jane Addams – Biography

The argument Addams makes that â€Å"educational matters are more democratic in their political than in their social aspect† (197), I believe she is referring to the long struggle between the teachers and the Chicago School Board. The Chicago School Board was politically corrupt. Many of the teachers and custodial engineers were friends of politicians who secured their positions in exchange for certain kickbacks. The school board maintained control over the school administration for many years. During which they restricted the types of children that were able to attend the public schools and they restricted the amount of freedom and authority the teachers were able to use in their classrooms. On several different occasions the â€Å"Dunne† members of the board attempted to lower the restriction on the teachers side but were warned-off with tales of the politicians and the difficulties previous attempts encountered. Addams' describes the situation between the superintendent and the Teachers' Federation as â€Å"an epitome of the struggle between efficiency and democracy† (171). She clearly understood both standpoints and why they both felt compelled to make their argument, although she does mention that they both â€Å"inevitably exaggerated the difficulties of the situation† (171). As a member of the school board, Addams tried to influence the Federation to make changes that would be in the best interest of the children, but after the legal struggle and following months of constant change, many of the important measure were withdrawn. Although she did have an opportunity to debate these measures in a democratic way, they were dismissed because of (more or less) political reasons. Jane Addams' role for education in an effort to reform the city was to take the disruptive delinquents the public schools rejected and accept them unconditionally into the settlement. Give them the opportunity to learn domestic training and trade teachings. She felt that even people of lesser means were interested in the same topics as the â€Å"well-to-do† people of society. She also thought that if you give a child encouragement and a sense of self-worth combined with an opportunity to become something in society that they would try to become productive. Hull-House offered educational opportunities for anyone who wanted to attend with no political or economic restrictions. Hull-House also offered the opportunity for recreation, such as supervised sports matches, which hundreds of youths seemed to prefer. Jane Addams' makes an important statement that â€Å"The educational activities of a Settlement, as well as its philanthropic, civic, and social undertakings, are but differing manifestations of the attempt to socialize democracy, as is the very existence of the Settlement itself,† (206). That illustrates her idea of education, which I believe is what she wanted for the public school system, but was unable to achieve while she was a member of the board.

Ancient China Essay

Q1. How did China’s environment help a civilization to develop there? Because of the areas with a good climate and rich soil, China’s civilization was able to flourish. Although most of china is made up of mountains and deserts, there are some places like the river valleys with good climate and soil that is perfect for farming. These river valleys are formed by the Huang, Yangtze, and Xi Rivers. When they knew they could farm there, people began to settling along the Huang about 5000bc. They learned to make dikes and irrigation systems and started jobs like herding sheep and cattle. Sometimes, the dikes created would not be enough to hold the water, and the Huang would destroy towns and crops. The trials and rewards that the Huang River brought gave it its name, The River of Sorrows. Along with civilization came invasion. China’s civilization was invaded many times by nomads from Mongolia and Manchuria. But even if some of these invaders worked their way up to government, they kept the Chinese culture because it was so strong. Q2. What do we know of China’s first historic dynasty? The Shang Dynasty was China’s first historic dynasty. It began in the Huang River Valley at about 1500bc. They started off only ruling a small portion around the city of Anyang, but even though they didn’t rule certain places, they still promised to fight against all invaders. They had bronze weapons and chariots to help in battle. They slowly gained more power as the population grew, and by 1200bc, the Shang rulers became great. Q3. How was China governed during the Zhou Dynasty? The Zhou Dynasty began at about 1027bc and because of their strong dynasty, they ruled for 800 years. They took over the Shang Dynasty with the help of a few Chinese city-states whose leaders where very powerful, so the ruled their city-states independently. The Zhou Dynasty weakened because of small wars within kingdoms. By 400s bc the Zhou Dynasty was so weak the only ruled over their own city state. These years of weakening were called the Years of the Warring States. China’s government developed the Mandate of Heaven which said that each dynasty would have their own government. A dynasty could rule only as long as it kept its mandate. When a dynasty’s mandate was taken by the gods, the new ruler would have to defeat the old to begin his own dynasty.

Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan Thesis

Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery Plan - Thesis Example Background Presently, in a world where globalization is of utmost importance, businesses are dependent on the domestic and international markets for their product line support. Business dependency on their supply chain is very critical and any disruptions could make a big impact. With the ever-changing weather, calamities, the global warming, terrorist attacks, human errors, utility failure, etc., the occurrence of business disruptions can happen with or without warning. Business disruption could also be the result of natural catastrophes like flooding, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornados etc. Moreover, the need for effective business continuity plan and disaster recovery plan is driven by regulatory requirements, customer demands, new business practices and changes in technology. It is very important to maintain customer confidence as well as a competitive edge in these days of uncertainty. It is also necessary for companies to guarantee customers that their business is up to the task and running and it will not cause them to fail to produce and deliver products to their end customers in the event of a crisis. In this global world, vendor continuity management has become a vital part of business continuity. II. Introduction – ABC Company ABC has achieved worldwide status as a major supplier to electronics companies throughout the world. As a consequence, many companies depend upon ABC for their supplies. It is ABC’ responsibility to take this dependency very seriously and plan for situations which could impair ABC’ ability under adverse conditions to respond to our customers. As part of ABC’ responsibility to avoid an adverse condition, pro-active steps are taken, such as maintaining good housekeeping, non-overloading and periodic measuring of electric power circuits and periodic maintenance of sprinkler systems, etc. Preventive steps are a cornerstone to prevent self-induced hazardous conditions that can result in a disaster. However , there may be situations that are beyond the control of ABC, such as flooding due to hurricanes or other events of nature. Regardless of the cause, it is imperative that lost production be recovered as quickly as possible to minimize customer difficulties. Therefore, our actions for recovery should also include timely communication to our customers to apprise them the expected delivery situation and what is to be expected in the future. III. Methodology Overview Any business continuity and disaster recovery plan is made using a certain framework or methodology that makes that whole process systematic and easy to create and then implement. Depending on the type of company, as well as the field of business, each BC & DR plan relies on a good methodology to ensure success. In the case of ABC Company, a methodology is adopted to ensure the management of crisis when it happens. It enables those involved in the plan to follow a smooth flow of action in case of an event that can hinder th e usual flow of business. It also provides the actions that need to be taken when such an event occurs.

Bilingual Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Bilingual Education - Essay Example A close analysis of these programs and their effectiveness provides one with valuable information on the topic and further indicates the importance of doing more research and drafting legislations that cater for the need of the diverse ethnicity content of the students in public schools.Dual language education has elicited praised by both parents and teachers for the diversity and enrichment that it brings to a classroom, Palmer. She, however, notes that the program consists of various inequalities going by the educational experiences encountered by different students at the school. There is need to critically consider the underlying forces that might be contributing to these challenges. The critical race theory and the two-way immersion have been highlighted as to being vital in uncovering the tensions being witnessed in the dual language education program. The issue of duo language education needs to be looked at objectively. Garca argues that there is more to bilingual language le arning narratives than there is when discussing language. According to Garca (2014), the focus should be shifted from English as a language to the practices exhibited by the emergent individual bilinguals. Garca proposes five misconstructions that together shed light on English as a language, the learning of English, bilingualism and the teaching of English. Garca, provides ways through which trans languaging is viewed through. It attempts to explain the topic and issues surrounding bilingual/dual language education.

Maria Full of Grace by Joshua Marston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Maria Full of Grace by Joshua Marston - Essay Example Convinced that the job is easy and with great rewards, Maria flies to the USA with approximately sixty-tow pellets of cocaine that she swallowed, in her stomach. Nonetheless, not all the plans seemed to work as scheduled. Maria lands herself in a dangerous and deadly world where those who smuggle drugs face serious penalties including imprisonment or death sentence. Maria falls into the trap of Franklin who introduced her to the smuggling of cocaine. However, Franklin does not tell her directly regarding the smuggling of cocaine but, rather, gives her a business proposition involving traveling from one place to another. The traveling offered by Franklin is meant to give Maria some extra money to help catering for her family that has been depending on the meager salary obtained from the flower garden. Nevertheless, the traveling involved smuggling of drugs from one place to another in order to obtain the rewards promised by Franklin (Snyder 58). The fact that Maria gets pregnant from a man (Juan) she does not love compounds her problems. Even though she uses her pregnancy to avoid being X-rayed in a bid to finding out whether she is a drug mule following her suspicious movement, other mules find themselves in trouble, and this makes Maria escapes with Blanca. In the process, the traffickers kill Lucy as they open her up to retrieve the drug pellets (Snyder 89). When Maria and Blanca go to Lucy’s sister house to live there, they do inform her of Lucy’s death. Narrative Structure In a bid to pass his message, Joshua Marston creates a tension-filled drama of a woman who goes into smuggling of drugs due to poverty. The young energetic woman does all she can to pull herself out of the doldrums of poverty whilst also ensuring that every member of the family receives all the basic needs. Joshua Marston’s film does not spare the viewers of the frightening scenes and dimensions of being a drug mule. Such frightening scenes include swallowing of the 6 2 cocaine pellets, explosion of cocaine pellet in one of the co-workers leading to her death, as well as pressures from both drug dealers in the US and customs officers. In addition, the film director attempts to narrate the same ideas through bringing in death, dangers, betrayal, and violence that are common in societies (Snyder). Through Maria, Joshua Marston brings out the idea of courage and determination that every individual should possess. There is no doubt that Joshua displays a humanistic picture of a young woman’s solitary life that is ready to accomplish her mission, irrespective of the method applicable. According to her, the result justifies the means, contrary to the usual moral way of the society where the means should justify the result. The author narrates about such a life within the looming shadows of economic and cultural crises, with special reference to the United States of America. It is undeniable that a strong political statement is applicable in narr ating the whole story in which there is the creation of a universal plight of the main characters through bringing together the personal, social, and political aspects of the whole scenario. At the end, the film director dramatizes connections, as well as contradictions existing between political realities in the

United States Assistive Technology Act of 1998 Essay

United States Assistive Technology Act of 1998 - Essay Example The third issue concerns the protection, coordination and promotion of the established program within the stated jurisdiction. In addition, since funding may be susceptible to abuse, the act establishes the checks and balances of ensuring proper management and use of availed funds. The 1998 act is majorly concerned with the provision of technical support for the persons with disability in the country so that they are able to perform their tasks and efficiently dispose off their daily activities. This is based on the fact that with new technology the disabled should not be left behind, but accorded the best alternatives of handling tasks through the facilitation of information dissemination and training programs for other personnel related to the program. The act also calls for coordination between the federal government and states agencies for the implementation of this program. Since the area of educational facilities and learning materials was the most affected, the act was mainly facilitated by the federal department of education (Watson, 2007). Persons with disabilities in the country have long been faced with challenges for the access of physical infrastructure like buildings besides not being able to access certain services like proper education. With the advancement in technology, it has been a challenge for the physically disabled to cope with innovation. The act is, therefore, established to take advantage of modern technology to enhance and support activities of th e disabled and reverse the trend where new technology poses a challenge to most disabled individuals. The policy maker was concerned because technological change is also a major driver for economic development of the country. For instance, it is notable that in the education sector alone, about over 10% of the enrolled undergraduates as of the year 2004 were disabled (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2005). The political motives and implications behind this program were varied. As a key component, the act serves the purposes of ensuring that the right of equitable access to facilities and services by the disabled members of the population is guaranteed. The policy implications is that the program required that the institutions of learning and other sector administrators develop appropriate frameworks for the facilitation of the assisted programs for the benefit of persons with disabilities. Engineering designs for the various information and technology tools are also to b e designed taking into account the usability of these individuals. The act also requires equal representation of all the stakeholders related to the issues of the assistive technology as composed in the advisory council of the act. The process of establishing this act can be traced back to the year 1987 when there was push for the establishment of policy in the aid of assisting the persons with disability to competently cope with the new technology. The following year, therefore, congress enacted an act to be able to ensure this objective. However, in the recognition that the first act was majorly based on the provision of disability friendly structures and building plans and provision of basic aid materials and implements such as wheel chairs, there was need for review especially to capture the area of technological assistance. It is in the light of

In this course you have been exposed to many current trends in Term Paper

In this course you have been exposed to many current trends in Business Intelligence. Two important emerging trends are the u - Term Paper Example Moreover, there are technologies such as reality mining which are also emerging in the business world. Reality mining is mainly used to analyze the collected machine-sensed environmental data with regard to social behavior of human beings (Doody & Shields, n.d., pp. 1-31). The paper intends to present an elaborative explanation of a few of the current technological trends being used in the business. Furthermore, the paper would also depict the various impacts of RFID technology and reality mining on the present day organizations. The paper would also discuss the merits as well as the demerits of the aforesaid technologies in business. Discussion Technologies have a very crucial role to play in the present altering business environment. There has been a continuous emergence of new technologies in the business world. A few of them such as RFID technology and reality mining would be explained in details below: Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) i s one of the most important tools or technologies for business entities. This technology is quite effective and is capable of replacing the present modern day technology such as bar code. The technology offers strategic benefits to the business as it can track the record in case of supply chain activities more competently and effectively. This technology also provides real-time-in-transit visibility (ITV) and can also observe the general enterprise assets in the business (Sweeney II, 2010). A few of the present day examples of RFID is recognized in supply chain to create pallet tracking application which is used in companies such as Wal-Mart and its suppliers. The access control system such as keyless entry is also a RFID technology. Apart from this, applications like point-of-sale, automatic tool collection system, and animal tracking devices among others also use this technology (Hunt, Puglia & Puglia, 2007). Impacts of RFID on an Organization (Pros and Cons) The impact of RFID fo r the organization is based on how it is being handled by the organization. The ability of the technology to ensure services such as real-time and serialized data could prove to be quite essential to the organization. The best way to know the impact of the RFID on the organization is by assessing the area of the business where this technology is employed. The overall impact of RFID to the business can be assessed with the assistance of three distinct work flows. They are business processes, physical infrastructure as well as system and information. Proper execution of these three aspects alone would depict the major impacts of the technology in the organization (Sweeney II, 2010). On the other hand, the technology also has certain demerits that are quite vital to be analyzed. It has been observed that the technology of RFID reader at times faces difficulties to read the information if the tags are installed in liquids as well as in metal products. The problem occurs because liquid a nd metal surfaces replicate the radio waves, which makes the tags unreadable. Again, certain interventions can be observed in the proper use this technology if devices for example forklifts as well as walkies-talkies are in the surrounding area of the distribution centers (Shah & Murtaza, n.d. pp. 1-9). Effective Use of RFID Technology in Business By Harnessing the Benefits and Avoiding the Pitfalls The use of RFID technology in

American Indian Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

American Indian Movement - Research Paper Example The revolutionary movement attracted the attention to the FBI agents that set out to destroy them. In the 1970s, there was a conflict between AIM and the FBI agents. Later on, the leaders were tried in court. The paper will highlight the history of the movement using the perspectives of different sociologist authors. Only few sociologists chose the study of American Indian or a Native American population in the country. Some of the reasons on why the topic is popular could be the Indians represent a small group that 1980s statistics illustrates 1 percent of the entire American population. Sociologists perceive that areas of ethnicity, race, and intergroup relations lie in the conflict of the natives to gain citizenship in American society. Most of the sociologists are aware of the Indian problem that is the principal public issue that faces the United States. The story of how Indians change in the view of the dominant society from being a major impediment to the growth of United States to being a minor irritant to the Western states and communities is a fascinating, sociological, historical, and political endeavor that deserves more attention from sociologists than it has received. Josephy (1982) Now That the Buffalos Gone: A Study of Todays American Indians is a culmination of thirty years association with the American Indians. His memoirs explain their needs, concerns, and problems in a personal, revealing, and historical way. The book has seven chapters where three are historical, and three are contemporary, and one projects concerning the future (Josephy, 1982). Each chapter examines a major contemporary Indian concern. Some of the issues explored include Indians will endure, Indian self-determination, hunting and fishing rights, water rights, racial stereotypes, land rights, and spirituality (Josephy, 1982).Each chapter presents a tie of past policies to the present concerns. Indian people voice their feelings, speak, dreams, and frustrations in a

Success at university is underpinned by a range of well-developed Essay - 1

Success at university is underpinned by a range of well-developed academic learning skills - Essay Example Research indicated that students with higher academic motivation which mainly comes from self motivation acquired through persona academic skill, self-discipline and also self confidence. Learning skills is accumulation of resources for learning and teaching of academic skills, development of academic skills is also an essential part of successful study at university and also the future of employment some of these skills include working with others, critical thinking, academic thinking, numeracy skills and also research skills1. Researching skill require one to create a new knowledge and also understanding through the process of inquiry. This skill has many processes that a researcher must pass through to give out a quality work for the research conducted. Every good researcher must be able to be a critical thinker in that he examines the truth and also its validity of arguments and also evaluating the significance of the ideas in question. Here the researcher weighs different sides of the argument by applying logic and reasoning and hence drawing and also carrying out an evaluation conclusion from logical argument and data analysis. Connectively, the problem solving skill where the researcher is able to identify, define and then analyze problems which enable his to create solutions, evaluate them, and thereafter choose the best solution for a particular context. The researcher is required to have an imaginative and also innovative thinking mind with news ways to approach a problem and also have analytical skill to examine the consequences of a particular solution. Here the student to achieve academic success should carry scientific experimentations. After the student has identified and also solved the problem, the skill that is required to be put in the work is a study skill where the student shall be expected to collect relevant information then apply methods of synthesis, critical thinking and also data reduction. This helps

Assignment-Progress Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Assignment-Progress Report - Essay Example This was in a blind taste that was being conducted by the French wine experts. This was a significant victory for the company, mainly because it established Stag Leap cabernet as a leading wine manufacturer. It further made countries such as Australia, American, and North America to be recognized as leading wine manufacturers. One of the famous wine products for the organization is the Cask 23, and it is a blend of the Cabernet Sauvignon fruit from the Fay and SLV vineyards. This wine is not produced yearly, but seasonally, based on the availability of grapes in the above mentioned vineyards. Other wine products include the single and estate vineyard collection, as well as the Chardonnay, a wine product from the Arcadia vineyard owned by the company. The Napa Valley collection is also a series of wines, made from the vineyards found in the Napa Valley (Phillips, 2010). These wines include Karia, Merlot, Artemis, etc. In gathering information for this project, I am going to use internet sources, journals and books. The internet is a rich source of information, and I would benefit from the company’s website, and online wine reviews, while gathering information concerning this project. Journals are also important sources of information, and they are reliable because information contained in them is pe er reviewed. The books to be used will be the most current books, and written by reputable authors in the field of

Language Investigation Essay Example for Free

Language Investigation Essay How gender affect linguistics in programmes. For this investigation I aim to produce a theory on the language of gender orientation in programming. I think it will be interesting to observe how the role of male and female in our society can affect the programmes that are broadcasted and the linguistics that feature when a programme adheres to a particular gender roles. I will take into account the contextual factors to fully assess whether it is gender, or other factors such as age, class or culture, that affects the language of a programme. The type of programming I am going to study are childrens television programmes because they are commonly reflective of societys stereotypical views of gender. It is important to assess the influence of heavily male or female based language on children, and whether it forms a gender identity within them and affects how they linguistically interact with those around them. My hypothesis is that language will be heavily male orientated, following from the stereotypical role males have to assert dominance in society. I have chosen to study the childrens cartoon X-Men because it has an interesting reflection of gender portrayed through language. I am going to begin by analysing the title of the programme I am going to study X-Men. This title introduces the influence of male superiority through the language it uses, instantaneously using the word men to portray the themes of the programme. Instead of the programme only containing men as the title suggests, there is actually an equal number of men as there is women in the X-Men, so we can conclude that they play a dominant role in the programming, and the influence of stereotypical gender views have responsibility for this. It should also be considered that the women in this programme are represented through male characteristics, and by conforming to this and seen as part of the X-Men, they are not inferior, but instead seen as equal through another gender. The title clearly suggests that the programme is male orientated, and degrades the influence of the female gender in association with the themes of power and battle. Looking into the idea that the female characters in the X-Men are represented with male traits, I am going to study the language of the names used for each character. Without knowing the gender beforehand, it is difficult to associate any of the names with an influence of the female gender. Nearly every name is associates with male traits. For instance when looking at the name Wolverine we can clearly determine that the wolf is a origin for power, teamwork and male dominance, which is appropriate to the male character. In comparison to Rogue, a name which has no female influence, and disassociates the gender from the character, giving her a power orientated name, but suggests that the male represents power. This transcript is of a mostly male conversation, and reveals how the programme orientates towards this gender through its language. The use of M1-4 represents the 4 different male characters in this scene, and F1 represents the only female character. M2/3 are very aggressive, using phrases such as Lets crush him and I think me and my buds are gonna squash this slimeball. This associates the male figure as one of violence. This is disconcerting that this view could influence young children, because they will associate power and dominance with aggression, which could have all sorts of implications of their behaviour. Other male characteristics in the language of this scene are using last names for refer to each other, and imperatives to dominate the conversation and assert their authority. This fits in with George Keith and Jon Shuttleworths theory, found in Living Language, that men are competitive in conversation, as opposed to women, who are more supportive. The role of the female in this transcript is very brief, but she clearly supports the other character of Scott, rather than tries to compete with him. This transcript show how female characters are represented as weaker than male. It is interesting to consider that F1 is a dominating powerful character, with many male traits, when the programme deals with the super heros and battle scenes. In comparison, in this scene, she is represented as the supporting character, and inferior to the males. This suggests that the programme still has connotations of the weakness of the female gender. For instance when F1 says Oh, you poor baby! her language suggests she is being supportive. The use of the word baby has maternal connotations, which is representative of stereotypical domestic and mothering views of females. The language associated with this programme portrays how the male gender dominates the linguistics of X-Men which gives an insight into the general view of gender orientation of the programme. These two examples are more substantial in that they are repeated with every episode that a young child watches. It is important to analyse how a heavily male orientated programme effects children. We should consider that a childs perception of the reality of a television programme is somewhat unclear, and its influence could change their gender associated behaviour and understandings. When watching X-Men a young child receives language that has strong connotations of male dominance and power, which leads young children to gender roles themselves, which society have been trying to break for some time now.

Special Education Law Analysis Essay Example for Free

Special Education Law Analysis Essay Education in the United States has had a reputation of un-uniformity and mistreatment of certain groups especially students with disabilities. However, the recent past has yielded some advancement. Federal legislation has put into place three major laws that have lead to better treatment and higher quality education of students, especially those with disabilities. These laws are the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, and No Child Left Behind. Together these laws have formed the current education standard in the United States providing for better education for all students. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act History Historically, children with disabilities have had few rights and little protection when it came to education. Before the mid 1970s, it was not unusual for children with disabilities to be turned away from public schools and if they were able to attend a school, there was nothing in place to assure that these children were receiving the attention and assistance that they needed. In the 1960s and 1970s parents of children with disabilities began to see that something had to change to allow their children to receive a quality education so families began suing state entities to gain access to educational services for their children (Smith, Polloway, Patton, Dowdy, 2012). Congress decided to take a step forward and attempted to persuade states to provide educational services to children with disabilities and this led to the passage of the Education for all Handicapped Children Act (EHA) in 1975. Education is a facet that is under the direct of state legislation; therefore, states were not required to comply with the new act. To persuade state governments to adopt the law, it was promised that forty percent of the funds used to educate children with disabilities would be reimbursed by the federal government (Smith et al. 2012). This forty percent was never actually realized; the federal government actually only reimburses less than  half the promised amount of funds. EHA was reevaluated by Congress in 1990. As a result, the law was changed to better suit the needs of children with disabilities and became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA. IDEA remained active until the law was due for another reauthorization in 2004. This lead to the current version of the law: the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act. Purpose  The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) was enacted to ensure that all children with disabilities have available to them a free appropriate public education, to ensure that the rights of children with disabilities and their parents are protected, to assist States, localities, educational service agencies, and Federal agencies to provide for the education of all children with disabilities, and to assess and ensure the effectiveness of efforts to educate children with disabilities (34 CFR  § 300-301). The law covers children with basically any disability that impedes on their ability to learn in an educational setting without special assistance. IDEIA covers children from birth until age 21 with separate parts for children two years old and younger (part C) and children ages 3-21 (part B). (34 CFR  § 300-301) Implications IDEIA was obviously written for children with disabilities, but there many forms and varying levels of disabilities. The act defines a child with a disability as a child evaluated has having mental retardation, a hearing impairment (including deafness), a speech or language impairment, a visual impairment (including blindness), a serious emotional disturbance, an orthopedic impairment, autism, traumatic brain injury, an other health impairment, a specific learning disability, deaf-blindness, or multiple disabilities, and who, by reason thereof, needs special education and related services (34 CFR  § 300-301). The act states that children that are included in this definition should receive a free appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE). This law is the foundation for special education in the United States today. IDEIA sets the standard for how we educate children with disabilities. FAPE is the goal set forth for the educational systems. Children should receive an education that meets the standards of the state educational agency from preschool through secondary school by way of an individualized education program (IEP) that leads to the attainment of the same diploma offered to children without disabilities at no cost to the parents. FAPE does not exclude parents from expenses that are incurred by parents of children without disabilities, but it does protect them from extra expenses that arise from the services that their child requires. Also, for a state to meet the FAPE requirements, each student with a disability must have an individualized education program developed for them. An IEP is an extensive document developed by a team that includes the child, their parents, their teachers, the school administrators, and any other school personnel involved in the student’s education. IEPs address the child’s specific needs and how the school plans to meet those needs. Schools must also allow students with disabilities to work toward the same degree or diploma that students without disabilities are also working toward. IDEIA also states that children with disabilities should be educated in the least restrictive environment or LRE. This means that students with disabilities should be educated with students without disabilities to the maximum extent appropriate (34 CFR  § 300-301). The LRE requirement has lead the emergence of inclusive classrooms. Inclusive classrooms are general education classrooms where students with disabilities and students without disabilities are taught together. This is usually accomplished through a co-teaching model where one general education teacher and one special education teacher, share the responsibilities of teaching all the children in the classroom. This allows for more direct attention and instruction for the students who need it most (Smith et al. 2012). Summary The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act is our country’s special education law. It defines for the states what classifies students as having a disability and also provides guidelines for developing educational services that meet their needs. The law frees parents of children with disabilities of the financial burden that comes with the individual care and assistance that their child needs by providing federal funds to help offset the expenses for the school systems. Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act. History The Vocational Rehabilitation Act was written during the fight for equality amongst people in the United States. It was enacted to protect people with disabilities from discrimination because of their disability. This law paved the way for fair and equal treatment for people with disabilities. This legislation lead to the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in 1990. Even though this act reaches past the boundaries of education, section 504 of the act is of particular interest on this subject (Smith et al.2012). Purpose Section 504 states that no otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States, shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance or under any program or activity conducted by any Executive agency or by the United States Postal Service. The act defines a person with a disability as someone who has a physical or mental impairment which for such individual constitutes or results in a substantial impediment to employment; and can benefit in terms of an employment outcome from vocational rehabilitation services provided (Vocational rehabilitation act of 1973). This section provides protection for people with disabilities from discrimination in any establishment that receives federal funding. This includes all public preschools, elementary schools, secondary schools, and colleges and universities. The law does not give individuals with disabilities more rights that those without disabilities, but it does protect them from discrimination based on their disability alone. Implications At first glance, it may seem that section 504 of this act and IDEIA overlap or are superfluous because of each other, but each holds its own purpose. Section 504 protects people without disabilities away from the educational setting as well. Section 504 also allows students with disabilities the opportunity to participate in extracurricular activities, whereas IDEIA only serves to the child’s education. Section 504 gives people with disabilities the chance at living the life they want without the fear of discrimination. Summary The Vocational Rehabilitation Act protects people with disabilities from discrimination based solely on their disability. Section 504 of the act is particularly important to education because it provides discriminatory protection for an individual from any federally funded entity. This law laid the ground work for future laws for people with disabilities and for equal treatment for people with disabilities. No Child Left Behind History. No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was proposed by President George W. Bush in 2001 and was passed into law in January of 2002 (Smith et al. 2012). The proposal received overwhelming support because of the increasing gap in academic achievement between groups of students in schools. NCLB acts on the premise that setting high and challenging standards for students and teachers will allow for great improvement in the classroom. The law provides that all students in the public school system will be proficient in core class subjects by the end of the 2014 school year. Much like IDEIA, NCLB offers federal funding to schools that align their curriculum with the provisions set forth in the act. Purpose The purpose of NCLB is to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on challenging State academic achievement standards and state academic assessments (No child left behind act of 2001). NCLB requires states to develop challenging performance standards for each grade level that are uniform across each district. The schools must also administer high-quality academic assessments that evaluate whether or not students are meeting these standards. Schools are also required to submit a plan of advancement showing the current plan to close the achievement gap among students (No child left behind act of 2001). Implications NCLB effects all students in the public education setting. The act is a plan to improve the education of every student. This law changed education in the United States in a big way. With schools implementing challenging standards for all students, there was and still is a tremendous pressure to advance. This pressure primarily falls on the administrators and teachers who, in turn, pass it to the students. NCLB also created accountability in the education system. The state performance assessment system gave teachers and administrators to see where they stand as compared to the standards that are set by the state (No child left behind act of 2001). It shows what areas need to be improved to allow more resources to be focused there. The pressure and accountability from NCLB raises the educational standard in the United States. Teachers know what is expected on them in the NCLB system, but because the standards seem to take away some creative freedom in classroom education. Schools are required to make adequate yearly progress every year under NCLB. This system is in place to help assure that funds received under NCLB are used toward academic advancement of students. Adequate yearly progress (AYP) is achieved by having more students scoring proficient in a content area standardized assessment as compared to the previous year’s scores. There is a system provided in the law for schools that do not make AYP and a plan to help them progress. If a school continually fails to make AYP it can be subject to a complete overhaul by the government. Summary NCLB is a federal plan to improve the education system in the United States. This law sets forth an accountability system of standards and assessments to close the academic achievement gap and bring all students up to grade level by the year 2014. Schools that align themselves with the requirements of NCLB can receive federal funding under the act. NCLB may have unrealistic goals, but it is a start in the right direction to providing a better, more complete education to our students. Conclusion Together, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act, Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act, and No Child Left Behind have changed the educational system in the United States. Our current standards and expectations are far from perfect, but education is headed in the right direction; toward higher standards and accountability and better learning conditions for all students regardless of their level of ability. References Assistance to states for the education of children with disabilities and preschool grants for children with disabilities; final rule, 71 Fed. Reg. 46540 (2006) 34 CFR pt. 300-301. No child left behind act of 2001, Pub. L. No. 107-110, 115 Stat. 1425 (2002) Smith, T. E. , Polloway, E. A. , Patton, J. R. , Dowdy, C. A. (2012). Teaching students with special needs in inclusive settings (6th Ed. ). Boston: Pearson. Vocational rehabilitation act of 1973, Pub. L. No. 93-112, 93 Stat. 8070 (1973).

Jetsmart Engineering Parts Management System

Jetsmart Engineering Parts Management System Jetsmart Engineering parts management system Q: What were the main factors that played a major role in the flop of the $40 million project? This report was commissioned to examine the failure of an IT project called Jetsmart at Qantas airlines. The project initially costed $40 million but miserably failed to stand up to its expectations. We interrogated the potential reasons of the failure with the help of information and data available online. Methods of analyzing included questioning the scope of the project, identification of key stake holders and difficulties in communication due to complex IT structure at Qantas. Most of the IT projects by Qantas faced failures even though they have invested millions of dollars on IT. These failures had a huge impact on Qantas but that didnt stop them from investing in IT. Qantas began its long haul modernization plan simply after the organizations IT framework had turned out to be perplexing and awkward. This evident lack of common sense put the whole overhaul program, including its individual venture segments, at expanded hazard. The purpose of the project Jetsmart was to provide assistance to the engineers in the repairing of aircrafts. But it actually increased their workload and they completely refused to use the system. One of the major reason was that engineers (eventual users) were not engaged in the development phase of the project. They had no say in this until project was actually implemented. They lacked proper training and knowledge regarding the usage of the new software. Besides this, unstructured top level management was another factor which played a vital role in projects failure. It lacks proper communication ability with the mechanics and engineers. Only if there was flexibility within the communication channel, this project might have been cancelled in the initial stages. This could have saved Qantas a lot of time and not to mention $40 million. Qantas Airways is the banner transporter aircraft of Australia and its biggest carrier by armada estimate, universal flights and global goals. It is the third most seasoned carrier on the planet, after KLM and Avianca having been established in November 1920. It started worldwide traveler flights in May 1935. As of March 2014, Qantas had a 65% share of the Australian residential market and conveyed 14.9% of all travelers going all through Australia. It additionally works different auxiliary aircrafts to local focuses and on some trunk courses inside Australia under the QantasLink standard. Its backup Jetconnect gives benefits amongst Australia and New Zealand, flying under the Qantas mark. Qantas likewise possesses Jetstar Airways, a minimal effort carrier that works both universal administrations from Australia and local administrations inside Australia and New Zealand; and holds stakes in various other Jetstar-marked aircrafts. In February, 2008, Qantas scratched off Jetsmart, a $40 million engineering parts IT system. Inability to draw in the specialists who might be the possible clients of the framework into the prerequisites and configuration forms brought about a framework that the users esteemed to be unusable once it was propelled. After only a couple of years in operation (amid which time some staff declined to utilize it and unions undermined mechanical activity), the framework was dumped and another framework was presented. In this report we will examine the significance of IT in Qantas carriers and research the potential explanations behind the disappointment of such ventures. In spite of the fact that contributing a great many dollars on IT (roughly $430.98 million AUD on yearly premise since 2005), a large portion of the ventures did by Qantas were brought about to disappointment. The effect of these disappointments was cataclysmic for Qantas Group, however despite everything they have faith in putting resources into IT.   Main focus will be on the engineering parts management system JetSmart. What were the main factors that played a major role in the flop of the $40 million project? And how those factors could have been avoided if the project was to be successful? The Qantas Groups long term vision is to achieve the status of worlds best premium airline as well as best low fare carriers. As indicated by the financial review report, Qantas are concentrating on five basic objectives keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish this. These objectives are safety is our first priority, right aircraft right routes, customer service excellence, operational efficiency and two strong complementary brands. IT has helped the flight business flourish. In todays aggressive world IT and Business methodologies ought to be firmly adjusted to make progress particularly in the carrier business. At Qantas it is trusted that the IT systems determine the business methodologies. Safety is Our First Priority: To accomplish worlds best well-being hones so as to give clients sentiment security IT finds flyers who may posture danger to others in flight utilizing database frameworks. Utilization of amazing scanners for examining of things can likewise uncover things that could be of potential danger to different flyers. Right Aircrafts Right Routes: Fleet restoration with better navigational framework, giving ideal courses to flyers. Online flight booking uncovers ideal courses. Realizing that you are in the right flight by legitimate filtering of tickets by means of the scanners before loading onto the flight. Customer Service Excellence: Qantas views fabulous client benefit as the foundation of the business. IT conveys Qantas administrations nearer to the client. It permits 24 hours a day and 365 days consistently benefit, for instance online flight booking framework. It helps data in a flash be accessible for the clients. IT additionally catches client inputs by means of sites or portable appointments which help to additionally enhance services. Operational Efficiency: Significant IT anticipates are in progress to help expand profitability at Qantas. Private email administrations and groupware help in better joint effort between offices, representatives, clients and providers at Qantas. IT helps rushing the improvement of more open and inventive societies that can prompt to Operational Efficiency. Two Strong Complementary Brands: For Qantas and Jetstar to be the best premium and low charge brands, online pursuit of various carriers flight times and tolls can help Qantas contend. Because of the quick extension of the Airline Industry and the focused way of charges and flight bargains, interest in IT is vital as it can prompt to development which will give Qantas driving edge. Qantas had made a substantial investment in venture Jetsmart in mid-2004, which was viewed as a vital initial phase in the organizations interest in new data innovation frameworks to drive its support, repair and upgrade operations. The Jetsmart framework was an interval stage to hold together Qantas current frameworks until they settled on a substitution framework. Consequently Jetsmart will in time be eliminated and the new framework will supplant it. In February, 2008, Qantas drop Jetsmart, a management framework usage that cost them $40 million. Issues with the venture backpedal to no less than 2004, when the union entered a debate with Qantas, asserting the product pointlessly expanded its individuals workload. It obliged engineers to do extra information section and bookkeeping work. Around then, the union exhorted mechanics utilized at Qantas to not help with the execution. Australian Licensed Aircraft Engineers Association government secretary Steve Purvinas said support specialists discovered Jetsmart unusable. Mr Purvinas faulted the issues with Jetsmart for Qantas administration, which he said was not doing whats needed to elevate experienced engineers to senior administrative parts. Purvinas clarified the product was inadequately outlined and hard to utilize, and that engineers didnt get adequate training. Management is not qualified to determine what the software needs. Jetsmart was a white elephant that didnt work. When you have an airplane holding 400 passengers that needs repair, you fix the plane, not play with software, said Mr. Purvinas. (Qantas to Axe 40 Million IT System) Qantas Engineering executive general manager David Cox admitted there were problems with the Jetsmart system. Mr Cox said During the development phase some issues arose with the system, training and the management of change. It became obvious that the IT structure at Qantas is complex. There was again huge loss of revenue and another major IT project failure which again cost loss of shares and investors pulling plug on investments. Attitude towards the engineers that resulted to strike gave the management bad reputation. Media embarrassment for Qantas continued as they had no faith in their engineers and began outsourcing maintenance, repair and overhaul operations. (Qantas Why Do Projects Fail?) There were many causes regarding the scope and implementation of the project. Conflict between stakeholders and lack of change managements vision led to the disastrous failure of the whole project. Failed to identify key stakeholders Qantas should have identify the people and groups that were important to the success or failure of the project. In case of Qantas, upper tier and middle tier should have had continuous communications with the engineering department and considered them a key stake holder for the success of the Jetsmart. Qantas considered only the management department which wasnt a viable alternative to the important of the engineering sector. (Impact of It on Airlines Sector Qantas Group Management Essay) In the process, Qantas should have analyzed and documented relevant information with respect to both the management and engineering sector of their interests, interdependencies, influence, involvement, and potential impact on the success of the project. Lack of stakeholder engagement Stake holder engagement was another issue in the process of the implementation of Jet Smart. There should have been emphasis on continuous communications with stake holders regarding their expectations and needs throughout the project life cycle. This would have helped the company establish the dos and donts of the implementation of the new management system. Change management failure Monitoring of the overall project holder relationship and plan for engaging stakeholders was completely absent in throughout the project implementation. The engineers who were supposed to be the eventual users of the software had no proper knowledge of the system. They were lacking the training on how to effectively and efficiently use the new software. This could have been avoided and couldve eventually led to a possible success of the project. Proper engagement should have been constructed between the management and engineering department as a smooth engagement between two important stakeholders would have contributed to proper resolving of grieve and resentment with the new management system. Complex structure Qantas Group has an unstructured administration that needs correspondence capacity and does not comprehend IT issues. A decentralization of the venture administration and building divisions are imperative so as to expand time and productivity of tasks. Additionally all departmental administrators, financial specialists, extend directors and worker agents should be incorporated into system arranging gatherings to enhance correspondence and to share views. To conclude Qantas has been pretty much out of luck when it comes to undergoing IT projects. Jetsmart was an utter failure of the Qantas group and cost them loss in revenue and reputation. The inability to engage stakeholders (engineers) in the initial stages of the project was one of the factors of project failure. Strong union tides led to the unacceptability of the new software among engineers and mechanics. The scope of the project was to increase the performance of the system and to be more time efficient. Jetsmart But it failed to do so as this scope was not aligned with interests of stakeholders. Eventually the project was dumped by Qantas in 2008. We trust Qantas is balanced for progressing IT disappointment: complex specialized foundation, obsolete legacy frameworks, authority that doesnt comprehend fundamental IT issues, union issues, and a recorded example of disappointment join to paint a questionable future. Its fascinating to take note of the organizations IT consumptions expanded 8% in the second 50% of 2006 and 26% in a similar period for 2007. Now Qanats has replaced the old Jetsmart management system with project Marlin and hopes it will reduce maintenance and repair cost. Lets see what future holds for this new venture. References    Impact of It on Airlines Sector Qantas Group Management Essay. UKEssays. N.p., 2006. Web. 18 Feb. 2017. Krigsman, Michael. Qantas Airways: A Perfect Storm for IT Failure? | Zdnet. ZDNet. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Feb. 2017. Qantas Why Do Projects Fail? Calleam.com. N.p., 2017. Web. 19 Feb. 2017. Qantas to Axe 40 Million IT System. The Australian. N.p., 2017. Web. 16 Feb. 2017.

Confocal Microscopy Lab Essay -- Ovarian Ring Canal Medical Technology

Confocal Microscopy Lab Confocal microscopy uses a laser that produces excitation light. This laser light reflects off of a dichroic mirror and then the laser light hits two mirrors that are mounted on motors. The mirrors then scan the laser light across the sample. Dye that is found in the sample then fluoresces (Weeks, 2003). Filamin was labeled with a red fluorescent label rhodamine (TRITC) and actin was labeled with the green fluorescent label fluoroscein (FITC) which was conjugated to the actin-binding fungal toxin phalloidin. The emitted light from the dyes passes back through the mirrors and passes through the dichroic mirror and is focuses into a pinhole. With confocal microscopy, a complete image of the sample is never seen. Only one point of the sample can be observed at a time. The amount of light that passes back through is detected by the microscope (Ladic, 1995). The intensity of the red light seen is proportional to the amount of filamin present and the intensity of the green ligh t seen is proportional to the amount of actin present in the sample of Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. Confocal microscopy is able to produce images that are very free from interference. The confocal pinhole allows the microscope to reject out of focus fluorescent light (Weeks, 2003). This means that the image comes from a thin section of the ovary sample. Many thin sections will be scanned through the sample; this allows a clean three dimensional image to be made. A confocal microscope has a few advantages over regular optical microscopes. Confocal microscopes have controllable depth of field, the elimination of image degrading information that is out of focus, and the ability to collect series of data from s... .../ladic/overview.html. Accessed 6 December 2004. Robinson, D.N., K. Cant and L. Cooley. 1994. "Morphogenesis of Drosophila ovarian ring canals." Development. 120, 2015-2025. Robinson, D.N, T.A. Smith-Leiker, N.S. Sokol, A.M. Hudson and L. Cooley. 1997. â€Å"Formation of the Drosophila ovarian ring canal inner rim depends on cheerio.† Genetics. 145, 1063-1072 Shilling, Kristen (David S. Richard). â€Å"Ovarian nurse cell ring canal formation in wild- type and insulin signaling mutant female Drosophila melanogaster.† Tilney, L.G., M.S. Tilney, and G.M. Guild. 1996. â€Å"Formation of actin filament bundles in the ring canals of developing Drosophila follicles.† The Journal of Cell Biology. 133, 61-74. Weeks, Eric. 2003. â€Å"How does a confocal microscope work?† Physics Department, Emory University. http://www.physics.emory.edu/~weeks/confocal/. Accessed 3 December 2004 Confocal Microscopy Lab Essay -- Ovarian Ring Canal Medical Technology Confocal Microscopy Lab Confocal microscopy uses a laser that produces excitation light. This laser light reflects off of a dichroic mirror and then the laser light hits two mirrors that are mounted on motors. The mirrors then scan the laser light across the sample. Dye that is found in the sample then fluoresces (Weeks, 2003). Filamin was labeled with a red fluorescent label rhodamine (TRITC) and actin was labeled with the green fluorescent label fluoroscein (FITC) which was conjugated to the actin-binding fungal toxin phalloidin. The emitted light from the dyes passes back through the mirrors and passes through the dichroic mirror and is focuses into a pinhole. With confocal microscopy, a complete image of the sample is never seen. Only one point of the sample can be observed at a time. The amount of light that passes back through is detected by the microscope (Ladic, 1995). The intensity of the red light seen is proportional to the amount of filamin present and the intensity of the green ligh t seen is proportional to the amount of actin present in the sample of Drosophila melanogaster ovaries. Confocal microscopy is able to produce images that are very free from interference. The confocal pinhole allows the microscope to reject out of focus fluorescent light (Weeks, 2003). This means that the image comes from a thin section of the ovary sample. Many thin sections will be scanned through the sample; this allows a clean three dimensional image to be made. A confocal microscope has a few advantages over regular optical microscopes. Confocal microscopes have controllable depth of field, the elimination of image degrading information that is out of focus, and the ability to collect series of data from s... .../ladic/overview.html. Accessed 6 December 2004. Robinson, D.N., K. Cant and L. Cooley. 1994. "Morphogenesis of Drosophila ovarian ring canals." Development. 120, 2015-2025. Robinson, D.N, T.A. Smith-Leiker, N.S. Sokol, A.M. Hudson and L. Cooley. 1997. â€Å"Formation of the Drosophila ovarian ring canal inner rim depends on cheerio.† Genetics. 145, 1063-1072 Shilling, Kristen (David S. Richard). â€Å"Ovarian nurse cell ring canal formation in wild- type and insulin signaling mutant female Drosophila melanogaster.† Tilney, L.G., M.S. Tilney, and G.M. Guild. 1996. â€Å"Formation of actin filament bundles in the ring canals of developing Drosophila follicles.† The Journal of Cell Biology. 133, 61-74. Weeks, Eric. 2003. â€Å"How does a confocal microscope work?† Physics Department, Emory University. http://www.physics.emory.edu/~weeks/confocal/. Accessed 3 December 2004

Journalism Essay -- Media Journalists Journalism News Essays

Journalism Today the term journalism is applied to prestigious publications such as The New York Times, and to television news operations such as 60 Minutes and NBC Nightly News. â€Å" First amendment rights and the democratic political environment of the united states have contributed to the uninhibited growth of the news media in public and private communication.†1 the world of journalism has changed dramatically from the colonial days. When newspapers were just channels or devices of commercial and political information. SKILLS AND/OR APTITUDES With the new changes in technology, it has changed the nature of the journalism industry, making it vividly sophisticated and requiring a wide range of skills. There are four significant skills, to become an exquisite journalist; to be prepared, alert, persistent, there, and wary. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A prepared reporter educates her/himself. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An alert reporter looks for intriguing facts. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A persistent reporter never quits. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A reporter who is there gets onto the scene where news happens. v  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A wary reporter trust nothing until she/ he is sure of it. A journalist must also know the difference between a source and a subject, because all reporting involves a source and a subject. A subject is whatever a journalist investigates, and a source is whatever answers the journalist’s questions. The most basic way to get answers is to ask questions, this process is called interviewing. â€Å"The single most important thing to do when interviewing anyone is to listen carefully,† said journalist Michael Kronenwetter in his book How to Write a News Article. A good journalist must learn how to study his subject and source. Journalist must know how to listen carefully and pick up if the interviewee left out any crucial facts, contradicts him or herself, or mentions newsworthy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Journalist must also have good writing skills, and must learn how to take down copious notes. Must be able to record as much as possible, so that they are likely to forget anything of importance. Journalist must also be able to observe and report every little facts. Including tone of voice, facial expression, gesture, body characteristics, and the environment a subject creates at home or office. These little facts can reveal a lot about a subject, so it should be reported.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another skill significant to journalism is research, u... ...gy has changed so much there are even more jobs available that fall under journalism but it has also made the journalism industry very complex but sophisticated. Journalism has come a long way since the days of commercial printers who single handedly published news books and newsletters, and of radio stations that were one person operations from private homes. Well-defined jobs are decreasing in the world of journalism but there is stillroom for those who are innovative, creative, and aggressive. Reference Page 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everette, E. Dennis and Ismach Arnold H., Reporting Processes and Practices: News Writing for Today’s Readers, Belmont CA, Wadsworth Publishing Co. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fedler, Fred: Reporting for the Print Media, Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich, 1984 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ferguson Publishing Company Staff: What can I do NOW? Preparing for a Career in Journalism, New York NY, USA, Ferguson Publishing Co. 1998 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.collegejournal.com/salarydata/journalism/20030807-nasaw.html 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kronenwetter, Michael: How To Write a News Article, Danbury CT, USA, Scholastic Library Publishing Co. 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Seidman, David: Exploring Careers in Journalism, New York, Rosen Publishing Co. 2000